|
|
|
| èè
Disease |
|
|
|
|
What is Disease |
|
Dis
is prefix for to be apart or to akin.
Ease is convenience, comfort.
Simply disease means to be apart from comfort or lack of ease.
The sense of losing comfort is sense of not feeling well.
Impairing in the normal functioning of an organism or body is
disease.
Before crumbling in disease, there is array of function present in
our body, which prevents system from breaking down.
This arrangement of body is referred as homeostasis.
Homeostasis is functional equilibrium in an organism.
There is a range of responses that is considered normal in cellular
function.
If cells are pushed to respond beyond these limits, there may be an
increase, or decrease, or a loss of normal structure or function.
These changes may be reversible or
irreversible.
Distortion in feedback mechanism and homeostasis is disease.
The subcellular changes may be reflected in altered function of
tissues, organs, and consequently organisms, and result in a
condition described as disease.
If irreversible, the cells may die.
Disease causes dysfunction, distress, social problem or death.
Disease is a big social and economical threat to human population
|
|
|
|
èè
Type of
disease |
|
@
By
location disease is classified in two groups, |
|
|
|
æ
Physical disease-
Physical
disease is referred to impairment of functioning of a system or of
organ, gland.
æ
Psychological disease-
Psychological diseases are disturbed
intellectual behavioral levels. Mental illness can refer to
disorders in perception, understanding, emotion, and
behavior, and can range from the milder psychological
disorders and psychosomatic illness to the severe psychosis.
@
Classification of disease
In pretext with time/onset physical
disease are classified as
æ
Acute
disease
æ
Chronic
disease
Another classification is in pretext with cause of disease
æ
Genetic
disease
æ
Systemic
disease
æ
Infectious
disease
æ
Metabolic
disease
æ
Accidents/Trauma |
|
|
|
Home
Top |
|
|
|
èè
Causes of
Disease |
|
|
|
Any process or processes that change the normal set point of
temperature, pressure and of nutrients of fluid surrounding
cell or inside cell beyond control of homeostasis condition
is cause of disease.
Temperature, pressure and of nutrients of fluid surrounding
cell or inside cell remains
nearly
constant by proper addition and removal of substances.
Cells need
nutrients ions and oxygen in proper amount to grow and work.
Eating is
process of supply of nutrients and ions in normal variable
condition.
Factors
that change the normal constituents of internal environments
are |
|
@
Imbalance
in addition:
|
|
æ
Ignorance
or unawareness in ingestion
1.
Less
eating and excess eating
2. Untimely
eating
3.
Unwholesome Eating
4.
Eating as
per desire wish
5.
Drinking
less water
6.
Liking of
soft drink hard drink. |
|
æ
Thoughts or belief
1.
Desire (longing)
2.
Greed (self-indulgence)
3.
Anger (rage) |
|
@
Imbalance
in removal: |
|
æ
Insensible conduct and behavior
Hold back
natural urges like urination, evacuation, tears, yawning,
semen ejaculation, flatulence, vomiting, sneeze, burping and
sleep.
æ
Working
condition
1.
Working
in extremes of temperature like hot and cold.
2.
Work of
sedentary type
3.
Heavy physical working
æ
Thoughts or
belief to be removed are
1.
Phobia
(irrational fear)
2.
Distress (grief)
3.
Jealous
(covetous)
4.
Untimely talk
5.
Severe talk
6. Lie (back
biting)
7.
Illegal liaison
8.
Theft
9.
Violence
æ
Environment
1.
Heat stroke
2.
Cold bite
3.
High altitude
4.
Deep sea
æ
Effect of time
Ageing |
|
|
|
Home
Top |
|
|
|
èè
Progression of disease |
|
|
|
(1)
Temperature and pressure of fluid surrounding the cell and
of cellular fluid is determined by concentration of ions,
nutrients, gases and other constituents in the said fluid.
Homeostasis of this fluid is maintained by thermoregulation, osmoregulation and glucoregulation system.
Ingestion and excretion both affect the internal environment
of cell.
Normal ingestion depends on physiological needs of nutrients
and ions. Normal excretion is sweating, micturation and
evacuation etc.
(2)
Oblivious
or erroneous eating habits and inclination towards overlooking
natural impulse of excretion tend to alter concentration of
ions, nutrients, gases and other constituents in the fluid
of cell and of surrounding the cell.
(3)
Repetitive erroneous eating and overlooking natural impulse
increase obligation of osmoregulation, thermoregulation and
glucoregulation process.
(4)
Sensor of
short term
and long term regulation along with afferent
pathway and effecter along with efferent pathway of
homeostatic feedback loop if constantly agitated, are
exhausted.
(5)
When
control system of body fail to keep the normal temperature
and pressure of internal environment within desirable
variables, enzymes denaturized and metabolic pathway could
not be completed.
Partial or unfinished metabolic pathways perturb the
function of system.
In face of a continuing perturbation, homeostatic responses
do not return the regulated variable completely to its
original value and this difference is called the error
signal.
Activation of error signal impairs the control system.
(6)
The error or gain factor of homeostasis mechanism increase.
Set point of normal variables are changed.
(7)
The
temperature and pressure of internal environment alters.
This in turn varies the function of cell.
Cell are now unable to work properly
so is the system of which cell is part of. |
|
|
|
Home
Top
|
|
èè
Stages
of Disease |
|
|
|
(1)
Excess or less stores of ions and nutrients in interstitial
fluid increase or decrease
the movements of constituents, ion and nutrients between cell
and internal
environment.
This puts pressure on metabolism in cells. This leads to
change in normal composition
of ion, nutrients and other constituents.
Though,
acute control system of body tries to maintain its normal
position.
Repetition
of these situations results in inhibition of acute control
system of body.
(2) Increase
or decrease in metabolism and inhibition of acute control
system of body disturb osmolarity. This results in change in
osmoregulation process of body.
(3) As
the cell needs static and constant condition to work
properly.
To
regulate the condition, pressure arises on long-term control
system of body.
Long-term control systems cannot correct the situation
totally, because there remains a gain factor.
Repetitive erroneous habits tend to increases in gain factor
that leads to disturbance in normal set point of
thermoregulation, osmoregulation and glucoregulation.
This results in disturbance in homeostatic condition.
(4) Disturbance in homeostatic condition alters the
functioning of organs. Working pattern of organs get
disturbed leads to disease. |
|
|
|
Home
Top |
|
èè
Diagnostic
approach in naturopathy |
|
|
|
Diagnosis is a process of acknowledgment of and
identification of nature of disease.
Nature
of disease is determined by evaluation of patient history,
examination, and review of laboratory data.
Outward signs and symptoms of body help to recognize the
disease or condition.
Sign
is basic element of communication. Sign is a unit, which
signifies another unit.
In
condition of disease the subcellular changes are reflected
in organism as altered function or structure of tissues,
organs.
A
subcellular change may be of deficiency or excess of certain
factor. This deviation is signified as change in normal
rapidity of control systems. This is perceived as absence of
ease.
When
the control systems are without strain and homeostatic
condition is maintained properly, cellular function are
without perturbation sense of well-being can be sensed.
Sense
of well-being is appraised as intake and output consistent
to physiological need.
Stimuli of intake are
æ
Breathing
Breathing is act of oxygen intake and exhalation of carbon
dioxide.
Nasal
breathing is important factor for proper intake of o2.
Pattern of breathing that indicates abnormalcy not emergency
are
8
Fast
breathing while walking for some distance.
8
Deep
breathing off and on.
8
Dyspnea due to non-specific symptoms.
8
Normal
breathing interrupted by sudden apnea
æ
Hunger
Intrinsic desire for food is hunger. Type of food
preferentially seek is determine by appetite.
A
person should eat as per proper hunger.
Sign
of food intake without hunger
8
Confined to particular taste
8
Adding flavor to food
8
Likes and dislikes of particular food (quality and
quantity)
8
Eating as per schedule
8
Eating again and again
8
Unwholesome food habits i.e. fast food etc
æ
Thirst
Thirst
is primary regulators of intake of water. It also regulates
sodium concentration and osmolality.
Minimum requirement of daily water is 2.5 to 3 litres for a
normal 70kg man.
If
loss is not counter balanced in severe condition it produces
dehydration.
Ischaemia of the muscles and primary cause of pain in body
are due to less intake of water.
Stimuli of excretion are
æ
Evacuation
Reabsorption properties of mucosa of colon are boon for
system but if the matter going through the colon is not
available for proper time to reabsorbs or over stayed there
then it becomes ban for system.
Normal
evacuating habit should be two times bowel habit in space of
24 hours.
Indicative factors of normalcy or abnormalcy are
8
Consistency of stool
8
Constituency of stool
8
Smell
of stool
8
Feeling of heaviness even after passing stool.
8
Abdominal bloating
8
Burning sensation
8
Nausea
8
Headache
æ
Micturation
Balance of water and electrolytes is role of excreting
urine. Kidney regulates the electrolyte and water balance of
system.
Indicative factors of normalcy or abnormalcy are
8
Frequency of urine
8
Color of urine
8
Painful micturation
8
Force
of micturation
8
Burning micturation
æ
Sweating
Sweating is major phenomena for regulation of body
temperature. It is cooling system or radiator of body. Core
temperature is maintained by sweating. Excess sweating is
indication of rising in internal temperature of body.
Vasodilatation flushes out the excess heat. Sweating
regulates electrolyte imbalance.
Excess
sweating or devoid of sweating indicates water, electrolyte
imbalance and morphological changes of skin tissue.
Normally sweating is absent in sunstroke and it is obvious
after exercise.
Two
major contributor of sense of well-being are
æ
Physical work
Musculo-skeletal system has unique character in maintaining
homeostatic condition.
If
musculo-skeletal system is not working properly, control
systems are disturbed.
Good
stamina and health is indicative of proper homeostatic
condition. Lethargy, weakness, pain, fatigue, inability of
function are indication of disease.
æ
Sleep
During sleep, your body
produces valuable hormones, which are important for growth
as well as for immune system. Proper sleep helps build
muscle mass and repair cells and tissues in children and
adults.
Sleep needs fluctuate from person to person. Most adults
need 7-8 hours of sleep each night. Newborns, on the other
hand, sleep between 16 and 18 hours a day, and children in
preschool sleep between 10 and 12 hours a day. School-aged
children and teens need at least 9 hours of sleep a night.
The quantity of your sleep count,
but the quality of your sleep is essential as well. People
whose sleep is interrupted a lot or is discontinue might
deprive of health.
We need sleep to think clearly,
react quickly, and create memories.
Sleep also affects mood.
Insufficient sleep can make you irritable and is linked to
poor behavior and trouble with relationships.
People who chronically lack sleep
are also more likely to become depressed.
Hormones released during sleep also
affect how the body uses energy |
|
|
|
Top
|
| |
|
|
